A patient with esophageal hemangioma treated by endoscopic mucosal resection: a case report and review of the literature.

In a 58-year-old male, upper digestive endoscopy revealed a protruding lesion in the esophagus on a medical examination. The patient was referred to the Department of Surgery in our hospital to undergo surgery. On the initial consultation, upper digestive endoscopy showed a smooth, soft, black purple, type II protruding lesion measuring approximately 25 mm at 35 cm apart from the incisor. For diagnostic treatment and patient's request, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was performed. The resected specimen measured 25 mm x 25 mm. The histological findings suggested cavernous hemangioma. To treat esophageal hemangioma, esohagectomy, tumor enucleation, or sclerotherapy has been performed. However, recently, thorough preoperative examination, such as endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), has facilitated endoscopic resection, such as EMR.

Echocardiographic Detection of Occult Cor Pulmonale During Exercise in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

We tested the ability of cycle ergometer exercise echocardiography to detect cases of occult cor pulmonale among 25 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The M-mode echocardiographic ventricular septal motion, left ventricular shape determined by short-axis two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography, and right and left ventricular pressure curves were recorded at rest and during exercise and were compared between patients. The ventricular septal motion was normal at rest in all of the patients. In nine patients (dip group), there was marked downward ventricular septal motion in early diastole during exercise, indicating distortion of the left ventricular shape. There were no distinct changes in the remaining 16 patients (non-dip group). At rest, the cardiac index was significantly lower, and right ventricular systolic and mean pulmonary artery pressures were significantly higher in the dip group than in the non-dip group. However, no significant difference was noted in the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure between the two groups at rest. The right ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures were greater during exercise in the dip group than in the non-dip group. In all of the patients in the dip group, the right ventricular pressure exceeded the left ventricular pressure only in early diastole, coinciding with the early diastolic dip of the ventricular septum, during exercise. In conclusion, occult cor pulmonale can be diagnosed accurately by the appearance of an early diastolic dip of the ventricular septum and distorted left ventricular shape during exercise in patients with COPD.